Birth defects are defined as abnormalities of structure, function or body metabolism that are present at birth. Major birth defects are abnormalities that lead to physical or mental disability or require medical or surgical treatment. There are over 4,000 different known birth defects ranging from mild to severe, and although many can be treated or cured, which are the leading cause of death in the first year of life.
According to the March of Dimes, about 150,000 babies are born with defects each year in the United States. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) says that 3 of every 100 babies born in the United States have some type of major congenital anomaly.
Congenital malformations may be due to genetic factors, environmental or unknown. Most birth defects, the cause is believed to be the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors.
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